Kua riro mai ngā pēpihi kua whakapiria ki te polyethylene i te toru haurua o ngā taputapu kopi katoa i te māke, nā reira e mau ai te wera o ngā inu mō te waru tekau mā whitu haora kaore hoki i tere te wai mā te arai piriti. Ko te raru? E whā ōrite noa iho pea te tau o ngā pēpihi e houhia ana ia tau e ai ki tētahi pūrongo nā te Ellen MacArthur Foundation i te tau 2024. Kāore he whakapaipai e hiahiatia ana e ngā pokapū houhere kia wehe ai i te piripiri piriti i te paparanga tuarangi. Ko te mutunga, he mea tino hinga tēnei, e roa ake ana ēnei pēpihi i te rua tekau mā rua ōrite te roa i ngā pēpihi paparanga noa engari ka hua he tinihanga paru. Kei te kōrero mātou i te takotoranga o te 740 miriona tanihana e tīmata ana ki ngā pungapunga paru o Amerika ia tau.
Ko ngā kōtinga PLA ka tūhono mai i ngā tauropi pērā i te maisara, te rautihi, ka pakaru ki te wā roa e 12 wiki mō te whakapai haumaru mātua. E ai ki te rangahau i tukuna e BPI i te 2023, kua toru hāpuatia te heke i ngā whakaputanga karbona e ngā ipu PLA nei i ngā ipu kua āhua hou ake me te polietilene. Engari he take kei reira. Me tino tika ngā tikanga kia pakaru tika ai, tae atu ki ngā taumata hūmataoti i waenganui i te 50 ki te 60 ōrau, tāpirihia hoki ngā wāpahi mai i te 58 ki te 70 nekeremaia. Engari kāore anō kia whai māia te kawhe kotahi o ngā pokapū whakapai haumaru ki te whenua i te Amerika e tango ana i ngā matapae PLA. Kei te hinga tonu te whakawehenga o te nuinga o te tangata ki te āta wehe i ēnei kōwhiringa pūtauropi i ngā paraiharaihi ohorere hangaia mai i te hinu.
Kei te kāinga ngā aukati hou mātai wai, me te pūrongo a Smithers 2024 e āki ana i te tipunga o te CAGR 11.2% tauaia ki te 2027. Arataki i ngā rāwekenga tawhito, ka taea e ēnei karuwha te whakaputangia anō i te pepa katoa, ā, ka heke i te 89% te whanonga o ngā rama iti. Ko tētahi aratohu matāpuna mua e tohu ana i tō rātou ōwe, engari kei te 23% teitei ake ngā utu whakaputa i nāianei i ngā karuwha PE.
| Matua | Kua karuwha PE | Kua karuwha PLA | Wai-tirohanga |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whakamahi wai | 1.8 L/ipu | 1.2 L/ipu | 0.9 L/ipu |
| Whakaputangia | 30+ tau | 3–6 marama* | 2–4 wiki |
| Whakautu | 4% | 31%* | 68% |
| Pae kāponi | 0.11 kg CO | 0.07 kg CO | 0.05 kg CO |
*Me whai mātai hauhake paru ahuarangi hei hua
Puna raraunga: Te Whare Wānanga o Colorado Boulder (2023), Te Tātari Arotake Ārahi Pūtea o te Rēhiōni o Baltika (2024)
Whakaatuia ana e ngā kōpae pāpātia i te wai he 34% iti ake te whakamahi i te wai noho, tērā anō i te nuinga o ngā whakawhitinga, engari kei te tutuki tonu ngā wero. Ko te PLA anō te whakatutukitanga e tino āhua ake ana mō ngā kamupene e whai hua ana ki ngā hononga hauhake paru ahuarangi ā-municipal.
Neke atu i te 50 piriona ngā ipu pereka kākahu kotahi anō e whakakākahu ana i te whenua i Amerika ia tau, engari ko te hē, ka tinihia anake te 1 ōrau. Te raru matua? Kei roto i ēnei ipu he paraihe iti noa o te polietilene e hiahiatia ana he taputapu motuhake hei wehe ai. Kāore ngā pokapū tirotiro mō te paru i ngā tāone nui i te nuinga o ngā wā e āhua hiahiatia ana te māhinā e taea ai te wehe i ngā mata papahoro mai i te takotoranga paraihe. Nō reira, ka noho tonu ēnei ipu ki ngā punga paru mō ngā tekau mā ngā tau, ka pau ai te wā e 20 ki te 30 tau kia waro ai ki te aronga. Kei te ākimatia tātou i tētahi āhuatanga e kīia nei he "kowhiringa kākāriki". Ahakoa kua tohua e te nuinga o ngā kawhe tana ipu hei tino-tirotiro, kāore he iti rawa atu e tae ana ki te tikanga tirotiro mō te paru, ara kāore he hononga motuhake ki tētahi whakapā e taea ai te whakahaere i ngā matapae maha i te wā kotahi.
Ka taea ngā kapu kawhe pūrua e whakapaingia ana e te PLA te wehe i roto i te wā o te 90 ki te 180 rā, ahakoa me ngā pātene komipureti motuhake e noho ana ai te mahana neke atu i te 140 Fehenaheiti. I whakaatu ngā rangahau mai i te Whare Wānanga o Wageningen i te 2023 kua pakaru pea ēnei kapu e whakapaingia ana e te PLA i te taraiwa ki te whenua umerekiakiā e te toru haurua ina raupatutia tika ana i ngā whakahaerenga komipureti hokohoko. Ko te take? He iti ake i te toru haurua o ngā takiwā katoa o Amerika e whiwhi ana ki ēnei ratonga komipureti taupānga. Nō reira i mua i te huri ki ngā kapu e kīia nei he kaikomipūtahi, me tirohia e ngā kamupene kua waihangatia ngā momo whai wāhi whakaputangia e te parae kei te takiwā.
Ko ngā tohu tuatoru hei whakarāpopototanga i ngā kapu kawhe kaikomipūtahi kia tutuki i ngā paerewa matatau mō te wehenga biodegradation:
Me whakanui ngā kāfe i ngā ipu kua whakaaetia e ēnei kaupapa kia rerekē ai ki ngā aratohu hauauru o te ao me te whakaiti i ngā whakauringa parurenga.
Ko te ara e pupuri ai ngā kapu kawhe pepa i te wera o ngā inu he nui ngā āhuatanga pūmahara. Ko ngā kapu e whanui ake ana, e 0.4 ki te 0.6 mm, tahi wāhi ko ngā pokapoka hau mātau kei roto kaiteka tēnei i te 18 ki te 22 ōrau te iti ake te ngaro wera mōhio ki ngā kapu kotahi takotoranga. I tētahi rangahau hou mai i te ao tuku kai i te tau 2023 i titiro hoki ki ēnei momo mea. Ko te hanganga rua-takotoranga tāpirihia ko ngā kōpae PLA ka rerekē tonu pea, e pupuri ana i te kawhe wera ake anō i te 15 ki te 30 meneti. He nui tēnei mō ngā kāfe e hiahia ana ngā kaihoko kia pai tonu te inu ina horoia. Engari, kua korero ētahi atu barista mō ēnei hoahoa whanui ake e piki ake ana ngā utu huainga e 10 ki te 15 ōrau. Nō reira kei te torotoronga ngā kaitiaki kāfe ki waenganui i te hiahia ki te pupuritanga pai ake me te pupuri i ngā utu.
Ko ngā ipu pepa e hiahiatia ana i ngā hanganga maha me te tapa here here wai e āki ai ngā wāhi pakaru tata ki te 40% te pai ake i ngā kōpae kua whakapariria ki te polietihana e ai ki ngā whakamātautau huakore. Ko ngā ipu kua whakapakari ake ngā tapa, me ngā tapa mākū he iti ake te tīkanga o te ahunga whenua, heoi anō te 27% kaore e āhua hinga pea ina kīia ki ngā inu mātahi i te 96 degrees Celsius mō te karaka haora, e ai ki ngā rangahau hou kua tukuna ki Sustainable Materials. Mō ngā kāfe e mahia ana ngā inu pakuarangi pērā i te kawhe kua rerehua ki ngā reanga kararehe, he tikanga kia whiriwhiri mō ngā ipu kua whakapariria kia noho pātata ki te taumata pH. Ka pakaru ēnei tapa motuhake tata ki te haurua ake i muri i te takotoranga mō te haora ki te nuinga o ngā tapa noa. Whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau mataara ko ngā tatauranga herenga e heke iho rā anō i te 5% ina whakamahia ngā pepa kei waenganui i te 380 ki te 400 grama ia mitarau tapatoru me ngā kōpae whakakī e whakaae ana te FDA.
Ko ngā ipu pepa mō te kawhe i te nuinga o ngā rahi, tīmata ana i te 150ml mō aua patene espresso poto ake ki te 500ml mō ngā lattes nui. Ko te nekenga o te pepa me te āhua e hāngai ana ki te mahi pai ake i te aratika. E ai ki ngā rangahau mākeke hou i tūhuratia taua tau, ko te nuinga o ngā kafē e mau ana ki ngā ipu i waenganui i te 151 ki te 350ml nā te mea ka pai ngā rahi nei mō ngā inu rereke pērā i ngā americanos, cappuccinos, tae atu anō ki ngā tii i etahi wā. Ka āwhina ngā iti ake i raro i te 200ml kia iti ake te whakaputanga ina hiahia ngā tāngata ki te whaiwhai i tētahi mea hou. Mō ngā tāngata e ota ana ngā taonga ritenga pērā i ngā mochas me ngā patene haurua, he nui ake te aronga ki ngā ipu nui ake 450 ki te 500ml nā te mea kei reira te wāhi mō ēnei taonga katoa kia kaua e pouri.
Ko ngā inu wera e hiahiatia ana ngā ipu pepa takirua-pūpahi me ngā kōtinga PLA e here ana ki te mātātoko, i te wai rānei kia kaua ai te ringaringa e kino. Mō ngā inu makariri, kōwhiria ngā ipu e whakamahi ana i te papaparae pepa 18–22% nekehanga kia kaua ai te pāmahana o te hau e pāngia ai te softening. Ko ngā hoahoa mā ngā inu cold-brew e whai ana i ngā tapa dome me ngā wāhi mā ngā tārore, ā, ko ngā tapa makariri e matua whai whakaaro ana ki ngā wāhi unu me ngā wāhi puare.
Ko ngā āhuatanga ergonomics pērā i ngā tapa pōriori, ngā kākahu kore-pōri, me ngā ōweenga taurite i waenganui i te teitei me te turanga hei aukati i ngā pouri ake i te wā o te nekenga. Ko tētahi ipu kawhe pepa 12oz (355ml) he tapa 90mm te tōpata e pai ana ki ngā kaitiaki ipu motokā, he mea matua nui mō ngā whakaurunga drive-thru. Ko ngā hoahoa e taea ana te whakaputangia ka itinga ai te wāhi rokiroki 30% i te nuinga o ngā kōwhiringa taper, ā, e ai ki ngā rangahau whakapai ai i te aronga.
Ina panuihia e ngā kawhe reo tūhono ō rātou ake hoahoa ritenga ki ngā ipu pepa, ka huri ēnei taonga whakakaha mā te haere i ngā papa hōtaka mō ngā toa. E mahara ana ngā tāngata ki ngā kamupene e tū ake ana i te āhua, e ai ki te rangahau a Packaging Digest mai i te tau ki muri e whitu tekau pea o ngā kiritaki e mahara ana ki ngā kamupene e whai hoahoa ipu motuhake ana. I te wā hiapo, i whakamātau tētahi kawhe takitahi iti i Austin tēnei tikanga me ngā ipu e hāngai ana ki ngā raorao i ngā marama makariri. Nā te aha ngā hua? I piki ake te raru ki te pāpāho pāpori i te 140% tata nei tērā i ngā wā hiapo ki mua, i te piki ake hoki te nuinga o te iwi ki te toa i te 20% i runga i te haurua tau. Ko te whakaputa i ngā ripanga kamupene, ngā tae tirohia, āe rānei ko ngā waehere QR ki ēnei ipu e hāpai ana i ngā karuwha e haere ana i te ao e kaweana ana e te tangata. Kei te tūhuratia e ngā kainoho o te tāone ēnei karuwha panui 18 ira hautaukī ake i te tuku kōrero matihiko, nā reira ka hua ngā ipu pepa hei taputapu whakaputa tāpiripiri ahakoa e whakarereketia ana.
Ina pāngia e ngā hōtaka kawhe tō rātou hoahoa kopa pepa ki te taiao, ka hono pea rātou ki ngā kaihoko e aro nui ana ki te taiao. Kei te tautoko hoki ngā tau i tēnei mea – e toru huringa tekau pea ngā tāngata e taea ana te utu atu mō ngā inu mēnā ko te kopa he mea whakakokekore, ā, he tohu iti pēnei i BPI, OK Compost rānei kei reira. Kua kitea e mātou ngā kafé e huri ana ki ngā kopa pepa karauna kei ngā tae paraura, kākāriki hāparapara, me te tuhinga iti anō ka whiwhi ai i ngā whakautu pai ake mai i ngā kaiwhakamahi tērā i ngā kopa tohua noa. I whakaatu tētahi rangahau hou i te ao hākinakina, i whakapai ake ngā kopa e hāpai ana i te taiao i ngā reitingi arotake a ngā kaihoko umanga kotahi huringa. Ko te mea e mahi pai ana ko te whakakotahi i ngā āhuatanga aronga ki te taiao me ngā ahua e kōrero ana i tētahi kōrero mō te aroha ki te whenua, katoa i roto i ngā tikanga EPA mō ngā rauemi ka hou hou.
EN