He aha ngā Kopi Tāwhai PP e tino pai ana mō ngā kai hokohoko takiputa?

Ngā Āhuatanga Matērihi me te Mahi Mara o ngā Kopi Tāwhai PP

Te Pūtauimi Himikia me te Haumaru Āhuatanga Kai o te Polypropylene

Ko te Polypropylene, i karangatia hoki hei PP, he momo pātari noa iho e iti ana tana whakapā ki ētahi atu mātai. E pai ana tēnei kia tu tonu ina pā ana ki ngā kai. Ko te hanganga o ngā molekiula PP ka tutuki i ngā tinihanga haumaru nui pērā i te FDA 21 CFR 177.1520 me te Ture o te EU 10/2011 mō ngā matapae e pā ana ki te kai. Ko te tikanga nei, kāore te kai i roto i ngā kōpae PP e mau ana i ngā taunga kikoikoi, kāore hoki e wareware ake, ā, āta torotoro hoki pea te paraihe rīwai, te hinu parāoa rānei. Arā anō i ētahi atu pātari iti ake e taea ai te wehe atu i ētahi wāhanga ki roto i te kai e kai ana tātou, ko te PP e tu pakari ana. Nō reira i te nuinga o ngā kamupene e whiriwhiri ana ki te polypropylene mō ō rātou hiahia ki te whakaputanga kai puta noa i ngā hokomaha me ngā hokohoko kai o te ao.

Te Maroke Me Te Tūponotanga Mīkawhiata O Ngā Kōpae PP

Kaua e kino te wāhi inu Polypropylene (PP) i te wera, ā, e taea ana e ia te tū against ngā wera e 176°F, 80°C rānei. He nui ake tēnā i te PET e tīmata ana te uaua ki te 160°F (e 71°C neke atu rānei). Mō te homopolymer PP (e mōhiotia ana hei PPH), he pērā nā te kaha o ēnei matēria e taea ai te whakapai ake i te whakaputanga hauora ki waenganui i te 165 ki te 170 digirana Celsius. Ka nui tēnei mō ngā mea pērā i ngā kōpae paraihe houhā e hiahiatia ana kia hoki ki te miihua anuanu maha wā. I kitea hoki ētahi whakamātau takitahi i ētahi hua hinga. I muri i te 30 wā i miihua ai i tētahi umu miihua 1000 watt, ka mau tonu te PP i te 92% o tōna kaha tuatahi. Tāpirihia tēnā ki te PET e tīmata ana te whakarereke me te ngoikera māwhai noa i te 5 wā miihua e ai ki ngā rangahau a Polymer Thermal Solutions i te 2023.

PP vs. Ngā Paraihe Haurangi: Te Kaha, Te Maruaroa, me te Tolerant o te Wera

Ahakoa he pai ake te PET mō te mārama e tino pai ana mō ngā inu makariri, ko te āhua whanui ake o PP me te kaha pakanga e pai ake ai mō ngā whakamahinga kai wera, e muru ai i ngā wāhi pakaru me te pakaru o te kōpae i te wā o te kawenga.

Te whakapapa i te hoahoa Māmā ki te Manawaroa i te Whakamahi Kaweake

Ko te tihokai o ngā ipu PP e 0.90 ki te 0.91 haurangi pera i te kītanga, nō reira he toru tekau ōrau kia māma ake i te PET engari āianei anō te herekenga ki ngā kaha whakapaku e 15 pauna. Ka patai atu ngā kaihanga i tēnei takotoranga māia mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga totohu huaki matatau e whakarārangi ana i ngā karuwha polimer tika mō te kaha ririki kaua ko te taumaha atu. E ai ki ngā raraunga mara hou kua kohia mai i ētahi kaiwhakahaere kamupene kai me ngā kamupene tuku kai, kua kitea he itinga mārama i ngā ipu pakaru ina huri ki te matū PP. I tētahi ripihana umanga ka whakaatu anō pea i te iti ake o ngā take whara 22% i te tau kua pahure ake anake.

Te Hoahoa me te Whakamahinga Kaha mō te Kaihautū me te Ratonga Kai

Ka pūmau ngā ipu totohu PP ki ngā taiao kaihautū nā te āhua āhua o ō rātou hoahoa, e whakatutuki ana i ngā hiahia maha o te ratonga kai wānanga. Ko te takotoranga o te pānga wera, te roa, me te tino whakarerekenga e tautoko ana i ngā wherewherenga rahi ki te taha o ngā whakamahinga wera hoki.

Ngā Whakamahinga Wātea: Mai i te Supa Kōkō ki ngā Tapatoru Kāfe

Kei te mahi pai ngā ipu PP mai i te makariri tino makariri ki te -20°C, ā, tae noa ki te 120°C (kei te 248°F), nō reira ka taea e rātou te kawe i te supa kōkō tino kōkō, tae atu ki te chili paraihe anō hoki. Kāore ēnei ipu e pāwhara ngāwari ina nekehia, arā ko te take he iti ake ngā raruraru ki te kawe kai mai i te kīhini ki te kiritaki. Anō hoki, kei te whakatū pū ngā mata o ēnei ipu ki ngā toki paraihe. Kei te māmā te mata o roto o ēnei ipu, nō reira he māmā ake te horoi i muri i ia whakamahi—mea nui tēnā i ngā hāpaiti pāmu e whai tonu ana i ngā rau tango-kai ia rā.

Ngā Whiringa Rite mō te Tohu Hāpai me ngā Hiahia Angamaheni

Ka whai ngā kaimahi kai i te āhua ārai-arai o te PP hei wehe i te tohu hāpai, ā, hei whakapai ake hoki i ngā angamaheni:

• Ngā tohu tuanui ki ngā paparinga o ngā ipu
• Ngā tapatoru kua rite te tae ki te āhua o te tohu hāpai
• Ngā tāpae whakamātau e āki ana i ngā tohutohu hoki

Ko ngā whakapakari ahuatanga he pūtake kua whakapakari ai mō ngā kai taumaha, ā, he tapauroa kore-ahuriri mō ngā rēwena mā te paraihe. E ai ki tētahi tātaritanga mō te maruaroa o te tahumaero, ka piki ake te tere whakauru kaiāwhina e 34% pea ngā whakaritenga penei i ēnei i ngā tautohe atamira.

Tauānga Tuhinga: Ngā Huinga Pāpori Hurahura e Whakamahi ana i ngā Kopi PP

I tētahi huinga pāpori hurahura rohe, i kitea he toronga nui i ngā whakawā o ngā kaihoko mō ngā paraihe i te wā i huri rātou ki ēnei kopi PP me ēnei tapauroa pakaru i te wā o te whakamātau 12-marama mō ngā kōwhiringa taputapu. I mahi tika tēnei rahi ōrite o ngā kopi ki ō rātou kaihokohoko inu-aunoa, i horoi ai i te wā e takesia ana ia kaiāwhina e te 7 hēkona. Ki te titiro ki ngā kaupapa i arahina mai i te huringa, i whakaatu ngā tau hoki i ētahi atu: 19% iti ake te utu i runga i te takotoranga kaukau i mua i te wā i whakamahia ai e rātou ērā kōpaki polystyrene. He mea whai hua nā te mea kāore te pāriha i te utu pērā rawa te nui i ngā mea styrofoam aniania.

Haumāta, Whakamahinga Anō, me te Arataki i ngā Taiao Kīhini Pakanga

Ngā Paerewa FDA me EU mō ngā Kōpae PP Kaipāwhara me te Whakamahinga Anō

Ko ngā kōpae tākiri Polypropylene (PP) e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa haumāta nui pērā i te FDA 21 CFR 177.1520, pēnei hoki i te Ture EU 10/2011. Ko ēnei ture e tiaki ana kia haumaru ai mō te whakapā ki ngā kai, āno he pā ki ngā wera e 212 Fāreneihita, ara 100 Selsius. E whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau kāore he kikokiko kino e neke atu ana ki ngā hua kai, ahakoa ka whakamahia ki ngā mīkawēve, whakaputaina rānei mō wā roa. Anō hoki, ko te polypropylene e ū ana ki ngā paerewa NSF/ANSI 51 e hoahoa ana mō ngā taputapu whakahaere kai ka whakamahia anō. Arataki tēnā, ka taea e ēnei kōpae te herekenga i ngā tarau hohonu taupari, i te tekau ma te rau, kaua i te pakaru. Ko te nuinga o ngā whare haumāta e here ana i te 500 wehenga mua i te whakakapi, nō reira he mea tino pai ēnei mō ngā kīhini ngahoro e hiahiatia ai te kaha.

Mahi Mātai me ngā Tūmanako Whakaputa Kai: Ngā Tūhuratanga Warping me ngā Tūhuratanga Roa Ora

Ko ngā tūhuratanga mai i ngā toihanga takitahi e whakaatu ana ko ngā ipu polypropylene e mōhiotia ana ki te ora i te 1,200 ngota ki ngā mātai hauhake kua whakarāngitia ki te 160 F (neke atu i te 71 Celsius) ā, e whakaatu ana i te itinga ake i te haurua hautoru o te huringa rahi. Ka āwhina tēnei i ngā tapa kia piri tonu kia kaua ai e rere. Engari ina pā te wera ki runga ake i te 185 F (neke atu i te 85 C), ka tīmata ngā ipu kia hanga i ngā arawhenua iti tini tini noa. Ko te putanga? Ka heke tōna wā ora e te 40% neke atu i te āhuatanga ka pakaru anake pea ina horoi ā-ringa. Ki te titiro ki ngā mātai, ka noho te polypropylene i tana āhua ake ahunga unu ki te 220 F (penei 104 C). Ahakoa he wā hiako ka hangaia ētahi wāhi parurenga parurenga e eke ana ki te 250 F (penei 121 C) e ngā paraihe paraihe, kāore te nuinga o te tangata e kite ana i tētahi warping pono i ngā wā tuuturu.

Whakakore i ngā Pūrākau: Te Rere o te Plastic me te Haumātauranga ki te Wera Teitei

He nuinga ngā tāngata e mataku ana mō te pātiki o te pārito ki roto i te kai, engari ko te poliparopaireni (PP) kaore i te whakawhitinga i ngā whakapaipai pārito tae atu ki te 300 nekenga Fārenahita, neke atu rānei. I whakapumautia tēnei āhuatanga o te wāhi tīmata i tētahi rangahau nā Whare Wānanga Cornell i te tau 2023 e hāngai ana ki te āhua o ngā pārito rerekē ina warowaro. Kei te arotake hoki te Rōpū Kai me te Rātai Kai i ēnei mea, ka tautapa here taunoka maroke kia 0.5% anake. He aha tēnei e whai hua ana ki te whakamahi ia rā? Āe, ahakoa ka warowaro mātou i ā mātou kai ki roto i ngā kōpae PP, ko te rahinga o ngā pouaka e whakawhitinga ana he iti noa iho i te mea ka puta mai i te hanga kōhī anō. Nō reira, ko PP kei te haumaru tonu mō ngā whakamahinga o te kihini i te nuinga o te wā, ahakoa kāore he rorirori e hōpü ana.

Ngā Wero Manawaroa me te Pānga Taiao o ngā Kōpae PP

Te Whakamahi Anō i ngā Kōpae Injekihana PP ki roto i ngā Puna Wai Mātua

Ahakoa kua tapaia ratou hei pāpata nama tahi, kei te whawhai tonu ēnei ipu tāwhai polypropylene ina tūhuratia te huri haumaru. E ai ki ētahi tūhura hōhonu hōtaka mai i te tau ki muri, kaore i te tino e rua tekau mā rima ngā huringa o ngā huringa e uru ana ki ngā ara hurihaumaru tika. He aha ngā aronga matua? Ko te noho o ngā kai ki runga ki a ratou me te taumaha iti rawa, he iti ake i te 15 grama ia, e pihi ana i te āhuatanga o te tātaritanga mā te punaha aunoa. Kei te pai ake ngā mea i Ūropi kei reira i piki ake ngā tau huinga mō ngā rauemi PP ki te 34% neke atu. Engari kei Amerika nei, ko te nuinga o ngā kaupapa hurihaumaru e whiwhi ana i te 18% anake e ai ki te Pūrongo Whakapaunga Wiripaki o 2023.

Tātai Ora: Arataki Karbon mai i te Whanaketanga ki te Whakakorea

Ko ngā ipu tāwhai PP e hāngia ana i te 0.85 kg CO2e ia 100 waeine mai i te whanaketanga ki te whakakorea – 40% iti ake i te PET engari 22% ake i ngā kōpara PLA. Ko te wehenga e tohu ana i ngā utu-utu e waewae ana i waenganui i ngā momo rauemi:

*Kaupapa: 21% whakamahi anō **Me te whakauru atamira kākahu pātari
Raraunga mai i te Ako Pūtaiao Mokowā Tau (2023)

Ngā Whanaketanga i ngā PCR PP Me ngā Huinga Biocompatible

Kua wāia hou ngā huarahi hei waihanga i ngā huinga PP kaupapa (PCR) e noho ana i te 30% matēriera whakamahia anō, kaore i paingia te āhua o te mahi ki te wera, tēnei pea koirā te rua tekau mā rima ūnati i aua wā i 2020 ināianei i te 15%. E timata ana ētahi kamupene ki te huinga i ngā mea pērā i ngā whatu rīhi i te 5 ki te 8% hei āwhina i te weheka i ngā pātari i ngā tikanga tino. Arā, ko ngā taonga i roa ai i ngā rautau e toru ka wehea pea i te rautau kotahi anō. Ka taea ānei ngā tauira hou te tū ki ngā wera tae rawa ki te 100°C engari he iti ake te nui o te pāpaku hou e hiahiatia ana, he toru hoki te waru mo ia ipu.